MEDICAL NOTES

Lip
service

Most children Start speaking fluently by the age of six or seven. It is only about five per cent of children who have diffi­culties in some aspects of the spoken language. These children are said to have specific language impair­ment, says a recent issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. This defect was found to be hereditary. Children with de­fective speech most likely have an elder in the family with the same disorder and, in case of twins it is possible that both may have the problem. Many susceptible areas have been identified in the brain and this has brought up the question as to which genes are involved. Since all the speech defects are not the same, the causes that have been proposed in­clude deficits in short-term hearing memory, sequencing of hearing and rapid process­ing. Children with differentspeech disorders can belong to different genetic types. They may have difficulty in repeat­ing some particular words due to a short-term memory impair­ment or may have pronouncing disabilities- Others may have difficulty in coordinating be­tween hearing and speech when asked to repeat some spoken words. Such children ark classed as having speech dys°fluencv, dyspraxia or stut­ter. In 1990 some researchers made an attempt to discover the gene that causes speech defects when they came across a British family with three gen­erations affected with speech dyspraxia. They also had low IQ level and learning disorders. It was identified that F'OXY2 protein which had many targets in the brain, suppressed a gene which lead to language im­pairment. It is difficult to exclusively identify the cause for different clinical pictures of speech dis­orders and the relationship with other neurological defi­cits. How genetic and environ­mental factors affect language and language disorders is still not fully understood.

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PAKISTANI MODELS.

HAIR STYLE WITH THE DRESS FORM

IMPORTANT NOTE 1870 's also saw voluminous and luxurious dressing. Sewing machine was also invented and the aniline dyes were also introduced and all kinds of bright colours came into fashion. It became fashionable to wear blouses and skirts of different colours.
The bonet gave way to hats, very small hats perched over the top of the head on top of a mass of hair in curls or plaits, mostly wigs. The shape of hair styled in shape of the dress which were mysteriously draped with arranged trimmings mostly one sided and curiously fastened in the back.

FIG:HAIR STYLE WITH THE DRESS FORM

WOMEN WEARING BUSTLES

WOMEN WEARING BUSTLES

By 1894 the bicycle had become immenselypopular among both sexes, this made it inevitable that some kind of bifurcated

garmen

t should be worn by ladies, since it was impossible to ride a bicycle in a skirt especially

 heavily Laced and with a long trail

Divided skirt was one solution and so were baggy knickerbockers (Pants) called "bloomers". It created quite an excitement but finally women succeeded in wearing the jacket, skirt and shirt

waisters and tailored suit came in vogue

ridiculed, discouraged and scorned by many at the time, but the movement did eventually achieve its aims as women began to lead more active lives and rigid corsets became unfashionable.

IMPORTANT NOTE Bicycle was becoming more a useful mode of commuting among men and women everyday. Special dresses were designed for this purpose in 1878 to 1880. There is little difference between male costume in the 1880s and in the 1890's except for the increasing use of the informal attire. Trousers in the 1890's were of the peg-top variety and dashing young men began to wear them with turn-ups. These still however were looked with disfavour, but one of the English law maker used them in the house of commons in 1893. The bustle worn by women finally disappeared in 1890's. Dresses now were smooth over the hips and made to fit more snugly

YEAR 1817'S — ENGLISH MALFJFEMALE COSTUMES

FIG. YEAR 1817'S — ENGLISH MALFJFEMALE COSTUMES

Jewellery was extensively worn. Colours in general were bright and discordant, the favour of all being yellow.The visit of Tsar, the monarch of Russia started a favour and flare for furs. Women wore fur coat while men wore fur inside the coat with fur hats.IMPORTANT NOTEThe 1890's were as a whole a period of changing values. The old rigid society mould was visibility breaking up, with South African millionaires and aristocrat rich storming in. For the young there was a new breath of freedom in the air, symbolized both by their sports costumes and by the tailored dresses. It was perfectly plain that the Victorian age was drawing to its close.

FROM 1900 To 1939 A.D.

The period from the beginning of the century to the out break of World War 1 is usually spoken of in England as the Edwardian era, although the king actually died in 1910.

FIG. YEAR 1894 - CYCLING DRESS

In France with a slight extension backwards into the middle of the 1890's it was referred to as la belle epoque. It was an age of great ostentation and extravagance, (Show off). In England, society and the court now began to coincide the king himself set the example.

There was an access of balls and dinners and country house parties. More money was spent on clothes

Fashion as always reflected the age, like the king himself it forward the mature women, cool and commanding, with a heavy bust, the effect of which was further emphasized by so called "health" corset which in an effort to prevent a downward pressure on the abdomen made the body rigidly straight in front by throwing forward the bust and throwing back the hips. This produced the peculiar S-shaped stance so characteristic of the period.

The skin, smooth over the hips, flared out towards the ground in the shape of a bell. Cascades of lace descended from the corsage; indeed there was a passion for lace in every part of the gown. The hair was built high on the head, and the flat pancake hat projected forward as if to balance the train.

This period has been defined as the last good time of upper classes, and even the colours of clothes reflected the sunny optimism of those who had money to spend. Let us see them below:

I. Another feature of this period is the importance of tailor mades. A considerable number of young women of the middle classes were now beginning to earn their living as governesses, typists and shop assistants and it would have been impossible for them to persue their occupations in the elaborate party dresses. Even rich women wore tailor-mades in the country or when traveling

TEDDY BOYS

TEDDY BOYS

In the post war menswear the most dramatic development took place in Britain, where in 1953 young working class men began to adopt the, "Edwardian" style of dress of the late 1940's. The "teddy boys" took this upper class, somewhat dandified look, the Chief element of which were a long draped jacket and narrow "drain pipe" trousers and added with it narrow pointed shoes and thin ties. IMPORTANT NOTE T-shirt also became an integral part of the dress as a regular style. Jeans and motor like jacket of the same material with greased hair with side burns extended came in hot fashion. Teenage girls wore tight sweaters and cardigans over pointed brassieres with circular skirts held out stiffly by layers of nylon petticoats. Tight trousers or Jeans with oversized jumpers were also popular with both sexes as part of the an school/beatnik look, which featured large quantities of black Young people around the globe danced to the new trines of rock-n-roll music and it was from here that the fashion and music industries became linked forever. 1960's can be divided into two distinct periods. The first 1960 to 1967 (The swinging sixties) when fashion focused entirely on youth and ready to make became popular all over Europe and the first "Boutiques" evolved.

THE MINI SKIRT

The second half of sixties i.e. from 1961. The hemlines rose just above the knee and reached the upper thighs by 1966. Stocking and suspenders were replaced by brightly coloured tights and underwear was reduced to brief, unstructured bras and pants